A crane is a powerful machine designed for lifting and moving heavy loads, equipment, materials, and objects for various purposes. These machines find applications in a wide range of industries, including construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and material handling. In this article, we will explore the various types of cranes commonly used in construction.
Before diving into the specific types of cranes, let’s understand the essential components common to most cranes:
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Boom | Extensible arm responsible for lifting, moving, and positioning materials. |
| Jib | Lattice-like structure attached to the boom, keeping the main support clear. |
| Rotex Gear | Mechanism allowing the rotation of the cab and boom. |
| Outriggers | Support structures distributing the load to prevent tipping or instability. |
| Counterweights | Additional weights to balance the load being lifted. |
| Reinforced Steel Cable | Heavy-duty cables used for lifting and positioning materials. |
| Hook | Attachment point for securing materials during transport. |
Let’s explore the 12 most frequently used types of construction cranes, each suited to specific tasks:
A versatile crane with a single engine serving both the chassis and crane functions. Mounted on rubber wheels for easy maneuverability. Can rotate up to 180 degrees.
Characterized by a hinged jib, this crane keeps the hook at a constant level while allowing the jib to move up and down. Ideal for loading and unloading container ships.
Designed for railway construction, repair, and maintenance, these cranes feature flanged wheels similar to train wheels and can only move on rails.
Equipped with an extendable boom comprising multiple tubes that lengthen using a hydraulic system. Ideal for moving materials within a construction site, including lifting brick pallets and installing frame trusses.
Similar to helicopters, aerial cranes are capable of carrying heavy loads. Commonly used in hard-to-reach areas like mountains and hill stations. Employ high-strength cables for transporting materials.
Ideal for constructing tall buildings, tower cranes can reach heights of up to 265 feet and carry loads of approximately 20 tons. Anchored to a solid concrete base during construction.
Used in bridge and port construction, as well as for loading and unloading ships. Boasts an impressive capacity of up to 9000 tons, making it suitable for salvaging sunken vessels.
Designed for handling pallets of bricks and installing steel trusses. Features a forklift-like attachment at the end of the boom and outriggers for stability. The crane section can rotate 360 degrees.
Utilized in harbors for loading and unloading ships, these versatile cranes, also known as mobile port or harbor cranes, offer flexibility in usage.
Mobile cranes with belt-driven movement, eliminating the need for outriggers. Boast high carrying capacities (ranging from 40 tons to 3500 tons) and can move on various terrains, even soft ground.
Essential for undeveloped construction sites, rough terrain cranes resemble truck cranes but offer enhanced mobility and traction. Outriggers extend horizontally and vertically to ensure stability.
These mobile cranes are equally effective on both paved roads and uneven terrain. Featuring multiple wheels, they can replace cargo cranes and heavy-duty dual-purpose cranes.